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Korean honorifics
The Korean language reflects the important observance of a speaker or writer's relationships with both the subject of the sentence and the audience. Korean grammar uses an extensive system of honorifics to reflect the speaker's relationship to the subject of the sentence and speech levels to reflect the speaker's relationship to the audience. Originally, the honorifics expressed the differences in social status between speakers. In contemporary Korean culture, honorifics are used to differentiate between formal and informal speech based on the level of familiarity between the speaker and the listener.
==Honorific nouns==
When talking about someone superior in status, a speaker or writer must indicate the subject's superiority by using special nouns or verb endings. Generally, someone is superior in status if he or she is an older relative, a stranger of roughly equal or greater age, an employer, a teacher, a customer, or the like. Someone is equal or inferior in status if he or she is a younger stranger, a student, an employee or the like. The use of wrong speech levels or diction is likely to be considered insulting, depending on the degree of difference between the used form and the expected form.
One way of using honorifics is to use special "honorific" nouns in place of regular ones. A common example is using 진지 (''jinji'') instead of 밥 (''bap'') for "food". Often, honorific nouns are used to refer to relatives. The honorific suffix -님 (''-nim'') is affixed to many kinship terms to make them honorific. Thus, someone may address his own grandmother as 할머니 (''halmeoni'') but refer to someone else's grandmother as 할머님 (''halmeonim'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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